‘A great deal more anxiety about a formal linking of religion to politics and education than there was.’
Month: December 2006
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Niqab-wearer to Give ‘Alternative’ Xmas Message
She is called ‘feisty’ and ‘an everyone who can articulate the views of British Muslims.’
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Pope Expresses Admiration for Muslims
Has he met all of them?
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Globalisation and the Civil Society
The happy spell of economic growth has endured for a surprisingly long period and shows no sign of coming to an end very soon. Led by services, manufacturing and business, and reinforced by infrastructure development and the impetus to scientific and technological research, the economy has become the engine and symbol of a resurgent India. It is indeed a cause for self-congratulations that our democracy has proved its great resourcefulness in supporting our economic empowerment in a globalizing world. But one may be forgiven for asking a sobering question: Would the democratic dissent over issues such as the Special Economic Zones and the Right to Information have been tackled in the same way if there had been a single-party majority government at the Centre?
To put it in other words, can we afford to become complacent about our democratic institutions, particularly the civil society? It would be against reason to assume that some countries are innately democratic, resilient and innovative. Democracy, resilience in the face of sweeping changes, and innovativeness are capabilities which have to be cultivated through long practice and which can only be preserved through strong tradition. They do not constitute some mysterious good essence which naturally inheres in some countries but not in others.
It is unfortunate that the whole issue of growth has come to be reduced to that of economic ‘development’ and abandoned to the care of either experts or practitioners of populist politics. The civil society that should mediate the issues of growth and change between the people and the government, especially in a country of India’s size and diversity, has either failed to grow or is presumed not to exist. The dominant ‘pipeline’ mindset (“first things first”) regards development as a sequence. Hence the opinion that the strengthening of civil society can wait until a certain level of economic prosperity has been obtained. But in the real world out there, things are far messier. Economic management does have social consequences: a lesson we are learning at quite a cost.
The point is that the pace at which our economy is changing calls for a comprehensive and complex response. And it has to be far more representative and better dispersed. Let us not ignore the fact that globally it is not just the economy that is changing but whole societies and cultures too are changing in unanticipated ways, and quite a few of these changes are disastrous for the people caught up in them. Since the consequences of economic change are complex and vast, we need to respond with a matching comprehensiveness and complexity of understanding. Otherwise, chaos will follow and it will swallow the happy fruits that economic growth has so far brought or promises to bring.
This is where higher education has a crucial role to play: in providing the intellectual apparatus for dealing with the complex situation which arises out of the globalization-driven changes. This intellectual apparatus is the civil society which comprises of an engaged citizenry with ‘global’ capabilities. It is commonly agreed nowadays that in today’s world higher education is both a feeder of civil society and a major component of it. The challenges of globalization cannot be met naively and spontaneously but require mature reflection and informed debate. The civil society of today has to comprise, therefore, of more than just decently educated graduates and “knowledge-workers”. Like chaupals, coffee-houses and sectors of the media, the spaces of civil society have to include university and college campuses so that the range and quality of informed opinion may improve and the spreading malaise of indifference may be checked.
This would be impossible if we continued to seriously take the walled IT-services zones as “knowledge cities” and the training in technical skills as everything that education means. Is it not a scandal that for most of our students education today practically comes to an end with the 12th standard? In nearly all technical/technological and management institutions, students are imparted nothing more than professional and vocational training. On the one hand, we value them as our precious manpower; on the other, we grant them no worth as citizens. Is it fair to write them off in a democratic country? Do they have nothing to do with their country and the world in their capacity as socially responsible agents of action committed to the values of democracy and justice?
We stridently announce our intention to produce world-class engineers, scientists and managers, but do we not also need to produce world-class scholars in humanities and social sciences? More importantly, do we not need an engaged and committed citizenry with a cosmopolitan vision and ‘global’ capabilities that can critically analyse the changes brought by globalization and by our responses to it? Matters of ecological balance, economic equity, military conflict, human rights, religious identity and linguistic and cultural plurality require a wide-based higher education that is not biased against the humanities and the social sciences. Indeed, higher education has to be conceived imaginatively and without pettiness of any kind. Only then will it be able to contribute to a civil society which the changing world order demands, a civil society in which critical reflection and articulation have adequate space to play freely.
The destinies of countries and civilizations are too valuable to be left to parochial ideologies, narrow commercial interests and technocratic tunnel-vision. It is the civil society that must assume the responsibility. And the civil society of ‘global’ capabilities which alone can bear such a responsibility in today’s world can only be nurtured if higher education has a clear-sighted view of its wider social responsibilities.
November 11, 2006
Rajesh K. Sharma teaches literature and theory in the Department of English, Punjabi University, Patiala (India). His interests include technology, philosophy and education. Email: sharajesh@gmail.com
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Something’s wrong, I can’t quite tell what it is
People are funny. Hilarious, even. Yesterday a regular reader emailed me to express concern. The subject line said ‘Something’s afoot.’ Oh what? thought I. John Bolton has been made Vice-president? Barack Obama has turned atheist? No, the something was afoot at B&W.
Am I picking up a shift in your political orientation? Something is changing in the complexion of B&W and I can’t quite put my finger on it. Almost as though you were feeling contrite about slamming President Bush for his brainlessness for so long and felt you needed to give the other side equal time, or even more, that you are saying, “The Devil take the whole bunch of them.” Why, soon you’ll be telling us you are heading back across the ocean having given up on us. Tell me I’m wrong, but your choices are starting to look like Arts and Letters Daily.
??? I thought. What can this possibly refer to? I stole time from pressing work on TPM (and B&W) glancing over recent News items and N&C titles trying to figure out what was meant, and I squandered several minutes writing a longish reply. Then wished I hadn’t bothered when the reply to my reply came in.
Nothing as specific as any of those–just a sea-change I am sensing or a tilt of the tectonic plate. I’ll let you know if I can pin it down more–not that it should matter–but just as long as you are doing equal-opportunity goading, I am reassured.
Pretty funny, you have to admit – first the shock-horror accusations, then the casual admission that actually the helpful reader has no examples. This morning I stole another couple of minutes to point out the absurdity along with the waste of my time which I have better things to do with it actually. The thoughtful reply? ‘Life’s tough.’
I’m laughing again. You do have to admit – that’s not bad.
Don’t worry, I won’t publish your rude emails, not unless they’re as funny as that. I get lots of rude emails that I don’t publish. (Oh well not all that many really. Most of them are about dear Al Pope, and not rude anyway. But I get a few.) But ones that extract the biscuit and cause hilarity – those are fair game. Besides, this way I recoup the wasted time.
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Smile at me, dammit!
Um…wait….Libby Purves at a meeting to discuss The Veil.
It was good to have the student speaking of “ghosts”, and good to have women who had worn the niqab saying it made them feel not only more devout but more private, especially in times of divorce or bereavement. I admitted a moment of discomfort myself: on the way in, crossing the Mile End Road and finding myself face to face with a full black veil, as we jinked from side to side to avoid collision, I gave the usual smilingly embarrassed grimace, yet her invisibility denied me any answering smile. When I said this, a cheerful bearded man in the audience whose wife wears one said: “You should have greeted her. She can speak, you know!’ We agreed that next time I meet a niqab-wearer in the street I will say “Good morning!” and expect a response.
Wait. If the niqab makes women feel more private, especially in times of divorce or bereavement, i.e. when they’re sad and upset and fragile and need to be outside but don’t want to interact with strangers, then why did we agree that niqab-wearers in the street should as a matter of policy be accosted? And as a matter of fact, even without the privacy-sadness-fragility-leave me alone aspect, why did we agree that niqab-wearers in the street should as a matter of policy be accosted? What if they don’t want to be accosted? Why should the niqab be interpreted as a near-requirement to say ‘Good morning’? Is this over-compensation? Over-correction? Reverse psychology? Perversity? What’s the thinking here? ‘I see – you’re wearing something that covers your face, therefore you are inviting me to greet you, and will feel insulted and offended and aggrieved if I don’t. [anxiously] Good morning!!’
Why is the cheerful bearded man in the audience (of course he’s cheerful, he gets to wear his face) whose wife wears one scolding Purves for not greeting a woman whose face is wrapped in a cloth? Why is it Purves’s duty to greet her? Why do people want to have everything both ways, or all ways? Why do people want to put on clothes that they know perfectly well elicit certain reactions, and at the same time rebuke the expected reactions? Why do people want to pretend on the one hand that the niqab is ‘just a piece of cloth,’ nothing more than that, no more peculiar or thrilling than a handkerchief, despite different location; no meaning, no implications, no resonance, certainly no political or religious agenda, just a small square of cloth that could be a doll’s tablecloth in another context; and on the other hand that there are all sorts of rules and ethical imperatives about how everyone is to react to the piece of cloth and the woman wearing it? If I go out in jeans and a sweater, no one is under any obligation to greet me and say ‘Good morning!’ because I am wearing them; so if the niqab is so ordinary and ho hum and average, why are we commanded to greet people who wear them? And then, if a woman puts on a face-shield whose primary effect is surely to make it difficult to greet her, why are we expected to greet her? If I go out with a horse’s second-best blanket over my head, is that a mandate for people to greet me? Is it not rather an invitation not to greet me and also a pretty effective preventive device? If you want people to greet you, you should make it easier, not harder. The way to get people greet you is not to go prancing around with your face in a sheet so that no one can tell if you are smiling or sneering or making bubble-lips. We don’t want to greet people who we can’t tell if they’re laughing at us! If it’s greetings you want, leave the Groucho nose and the mask at home; otherwise, put up with non-greetings. You can’t have everything. Get used to it.
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Violence Against Women in the Congo
Rape accompanied by deliberate wounding, sometimes with guns, sometimes with blunt objects.
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Plagiarism Follies
Will all written records of contemporary human experience eventually become off limits to other writers?
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Hitchens on Taboo Words
The N-word Jim, faggot, discriminating, niggardly – it’s all a bit complicated.
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Ted Honderich Replies to Nick Cohen
‘Do you want in the end to have from a former emeritus professor a mark for his essay?’
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Singer Points Out Consistency of his Views
‘I have never said that no experiment on an animal can ever be justified.’
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Iran Blocks Access to Major Websites
Amazon, YouTube, Wikipedia, NY Times get ‘The requested page is forbidden’ treatment.
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Germaine Greer Declines ‘Plain English’ Prize
Kant’s ‘unsynthesised manifold’ ought to be known to ‘most reasonably educated Guardian readers.’
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What did Mrs Plato write?
Allen Esterson alerted me to and sent me the link to this bizarre item. (Did I see references to it at the time? Possibly. There might be a faint memory – but if so I didn’t follow them up.)
A study by an academic who has spent more than 30 years looking at Bach’s work claims that Anna Magdalena Bach, traditionally believed to be Bach’s musical copyist, actually wrote some of his best-loved works, including his Six Cello Suites…”I also discovered that the only complete manuscript from the time for the Cello Suites was a manuscript in the hand of Anna Magdalena, and that the original manuscript in the hand of Johann Sebastian had vanished.”
Oh well then. What more is there to be said? It couldn’t possibly be that she simply copied the manuscript (because such things have never been known; manuscripts never were copied; wives never were asked to copy their husbands’ work; original manuscripts never simply disappeared) or that the original manuscript was used to wrap the leftover strudel that Johann Christian took to school; therefore, beyond a reasonable doubt, Johann Sebastian Bach did not write the Cello Suites, his wife did.
Suppose someone found a fair copy of Emma in James Austen’s hand, or one of Wuthering Heights in Branwell Brontë’s, or one of Middlemarch in Lewes’s. Would people be rushing to claim any of them wrote the items in question? They wouldn’t you know. And rightly so. Suppose someone noticed a letter in which Frederick Douglass thanked Thoreau in the warmest terms for his help and inspiration – would people fall over themselves in the stampede to say that Thoreau wrote A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? Suppose someone found a Christmas shopping list on which Toni Morrisson planned to buy a typewriter for someone named George Smithers – would everyone decide George Smithers had written Beloved? Suppose some alert scholar noticed that a contemporary of Emily Dickinson’s named Albert Innacan wrote poetry for the Amherst Gazette and that his poetry featured a lot of dashes – would new books pour off the presses claiming that Albert Innacan wrote Emily Dickinson’s poetry?
I don’t think so. So why do people swallow this kind of nonsense when it goes in the other direction? Can’t they see how pathetic and shaming it is? And if they can’t, why can’t they? Why will they insist on being so silly?
I leave it to your wisdom to determine.
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On ‘freedom of association’
Prompted by an interesting comment on an earlier post about putative rights I did a little Googling about freedom of association. Something I need to know more about. Found this useful page on the subject.
The phrase “freedom of association” does not appear in the Constitution (although the First Amendment protects the right to peaceably assemble). Nonetheless, the Court has recognized to separate types of association that are constitutionally protected: (1) intimate association (protected as an aspect of the right of privacy) and (2) expressive association (protected as as an aspect of the First Amendment’s protection of free speech). Freedom of association cases are interesting in that they bring into conflict two competing views of the world: rights-oriented liberalism that holds that a person’s identity comes from individual choices (and that government ought to create a framework of laws that remove barriers to choice) and communitarianism, that holds that a person’s identity comes from the communities of which an individual is a part (and that communities are an important buffer between the government and the individual).
Well that’s very interesting, because I’ve been thinking of these issues as being about competing ideas of rights rather than about rights competing with communitarianism. I’m sharply aware that I much prefer rights and rights-oriented liberalism to communitarianism – so I’m being consistent here.
I’m tempted to copy in the whole left-hand column of the page, but that would be silly (and perhaps a copyright violation); just read it; it’s interesting.
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The right to declare the right to violate someone’s rights
Conflicting ideas of rights, chapter 793.
It’s normal to feel nostalgic for cherished practices once treasured and now disgraced. Sometimes, being forced to give them up is a violation of rights. At other times, it means retracting a privilege that should never have been extended in the first place. Some Southern whites spent the 1960s pining for the old days, when they could lynch whom they pleased; few today would portray that as a right transgressed! Today, conservative Christians behold society falling from their faith’s exclusive grip and, like their Southern racist predecessors, sigh, “There goes my everything.”
Just so. Sometimes, being forced to give up a privilege that should never have been extended in the first place feels to the forcee like a violation of rights, which is why we are so often treated to petulant arias on the violation of various rights that aren’t rights. That, plus of course it’s a highly useful tactic, always likely to convince a few unwary observers. Don’t let this happen to you.
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Sword or rapier?
Hitchens takes down Coulter in his own special way.
She has emerged as a persona because she has mastered the politics of resentment, and because she can combine the ideology of Human Events (the obscure ‘Joe McCarthy was right’ magazine) with the demand of the chat-show bookers for a tall blonde with a very rapid delivery on a wide range of subjects.
Ah yes the very rapid delivery thing. (I’ve never seen Coulter in action, but I’ve seen others.) I’ve never seen the appeal. I prefer the effete languid drawl of a Vidal or Hitchens that nails you without breaking a sweat. Much more amusing, also humiliating. Anyone can jabber; it’s those relaxed, casual, effortless bastards who can really make the blowhards look like fools. As Hitchens proceeds to do.
Here is another instance of the sheer incoherence that results from a mixture of feigned rage and low sarcasm…[T]he abject confusion, with its resounding non sequitur of a concluding sentence, impels her to the negation of her own supposed “argument”. These are the pitfalls that are set by spite and by haste, and Coulter topples leggily into them every time…So, slice it as you will, Coulter finds herself inventing new ways in which to be wrong. As it goes on, the book begins to seem more like typing than writing, and its demonstration of the relationship between poor language and crude ideas becomes more overt.
See what I mean? No need to say that quickly. No need for haste. Easy does it. Steady as she goes. Whack!
If it matters, I am with her on the tepid climate of moral and political relativism which, while it wants all children to do equally well at exam time, also regards the United States as no worse than the Taliban and thus, by an unspoken logic, as no better. But a polemic against this mentality cannot really be written by a McCarthyite.
Or by someone who’s not very good at writing or thinking clearly, or by someone who invents new ways to be wrong. Not useful talents for that particular job.
In a world where the true enemies of civilization are much, much more godly than the blonde goddess of the hard Right, Coulter is reduced to a blitzing of soft civilian targets – one redeemed only by its built-in tendency to fall so wide of the mark.
That’s how it’s done.
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The Trouble With Michael Moore
Moore chases after political fashions, jettisoning principle for point-scoring, shock value or laughs.
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Natasha Walter on Hirsi Ali and Buruma
Female visionaries who break out of traditional societies often set other people’s teeth on edge.
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Hitchens Reviews Ann Coulter’s ‘Godless’
The sheer incoherence that results from a mixture of feigned rage and low sarcasm.
