Originally a comment by quixote on California has the “personal belief” exemption.
Some little municpal health department near Vernal, Utah, was trying to figure out how to up the vaccination rate. The vaccination cost $25. A personal belief exemption involved ticking a box on a form.
Well, a local live wire figured they should reverse the incentives. They made the vaccination free and charged $25 for administrative costs to fill out a more time-consuming exemption form.
Presto, vaccination levels shot up into herd immunity levels (above 95%) and the problem was solved.
What struck me about this story that I heard from a relative is how little it took for people to decide their deeply held personal beliefs were totally negotiable.
Add to that the entirely justifiable costs of billing anti-vaxxers for all the contact tracing and unnecessary medical expenses incurred by their BS, and I bet you could get vaccination rates back up where they belong.