Originally a comment by Artymorty on Bjarte’s The hardest lesson to swallow.
I keep coming back to this idea when I try to understand why people stay loyal to groups that clearly do harm â whether itâs cults like Scientology or gender ideology or extreme political movements like MAGA or Fascism.
Itâs that tribal loyalty lives in a completely different part of the brain than rational thinking. And sometimes, the tribal part takes over.
Roughly speaking, itâs the lower brain versus the higher brain. Or if you prefer Freud, the id versus the superego. Or if youâre Homer Simpson, itâs Devil-Homer versus Angel-Homer.
The âlower brainâ (or limbic system) is evolutionarily older. It handles emotion, fear, reward, and motivation â all things tied to survival. The âhigher brainâ (the prefrontal cortex) is newer and handles planning, decision-making, and impulse control. Itâs supposed to step in and override the lower brain when itâs about to make dumb, emotionally driven decisions.
But that override system doesnât always work â especially in kids and teenagers (whose prefrontal cortexes arenât fully developed) or in adults under stress or fear. In those states, control shifts back to the limbic system. Survival mode kicks in, and rational thinking takes a back seat.
Hereâs where tribalism comes in. I think emotional bonding with a group is a deep, evolved instinct, rooted in survival. For most of human history, being cast out from your group could mean death. So once that bond forms, the brain treats any threat to it â like criticism of the group â as a threat to you.
And when do these bonds usually form? Often during periods of vulnerability: isolation, fear, major life changes, or identity crises. People are most susceptible when theyâre seeking belonging, certainty, or meaning, and some people need those things more urgently than others. Thatâs why some fall harder or faster into extreme ideologies or cults. Itâs not because theyâre weaker or less intelligent â itâs because the group offered something they deeply needed, at the exact moment they needed it.
Once the emotional bond is locked in, rational information is treated like an attack, not a challenge to think through. The emotional brain slams the door shut. Youâll defend your group, even if it means ignoring evidence, contorting logic, or getting angry at facts. Not because youâre stupid, but because some ancient part of your brain thinks your life depends on it.
And if some part of you does recognize that somethingâs wrong? Thatâs when cognitive dissonance kicks in â that uncomfortable mental tension when your beliefs and your reality donât match. The rational brain starts to panic, but the emotional brain is already guarding the gates. And almost always, to relive the tension, people donât question the tribe. They double down on it.
Right now, weâre living through a period of massive technological and social upheaval. Everything everywhere is changing; the future feels uncertain; everyoneâs overwhelmed. That uncertainty creates fear, and fear activates the limbic system. The result is what weâre seeing all around us: the culture war is less about ideas than about instinct â people retreating into opposing tribes, not because theyâve thought it through, but because some deep part of their brain is trying to feel safe.
And the deeper into the tribe people go, the more fear they generate in the opposing tribe â fueling a feedback loop that keeps the whole thing burning. Itâs Mutual Assured Destruction.
If thereâs a way out, it probably starts with recognizing the pattern and calming the fear. That means speaking not just to peopleâs facts and logic, but to their need for safety, respect, and belonging â the things the lower brain craves. Moments like the end of the Cold War, where dialogue and empathy defused decades of mutual fear, taught us that calm, patient communication can re-engage the higher brain. Political leaders like Nelson Mandela showed this when he chose forgiveness over revenge.
So basically, what we need right now is the exact opposite of Donald Trump. His political strategy works because it runs on activating the lower brain â fear and anger â which is where most peopleâs minds are at right now. Michelle Obamaâs slogan, âWhen they go low, we go highâ seemed a little trite at the time, but at the moment, it feels like a solid first step in a disarmament plan â an antidote to Trumpâs apocalyptic destructivism.